PsycheMatrica Lab
GitHubSearch

Peer-reviewed article

Power Analysis in Generalized Structured Component Analysis: Implementation in GSCA Pro

Shen, Z. · Baek, I.-H. · Cho, G. · Hwang, H.

Methodology
Structural Equation ModelingSoftwareTutorialSimulation Study

2026 · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · 33(4), 638–647

Journal DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404 Open access

Author’s introduction (LinkedIn)

Abstract

Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) is a comprehensive method for component-based structural equation modeling that represents constructs as weighted composites of indicators. Despite its flexibility, GSCA has lacked a formal procedure for power analysis. To address this gap, we develop a Monte Carlo-based power analysis procedure for GSCA and implement it in GSCA Pro, free and user-friendly GSCA software. This tutorial introduces the procedure and provides step-by-step guidance for conducting power analysis with GSCA Pro.

Version of record · Abstract source · CC BY 4.0

Figures 10 images

Select an image to view it at full size. Captions identify the source and version.

Figure 1

GSCA Pro interface showing the Power Analysis menu and the option for GSCA power analysis.
Caption & source

Open the GSCA power-analysis feature.

Version of record · Figure source · CC BY 4.0

Shen, Z., Baek, I.-H., Cho, G., and Hwang, H. (2026), Figure 1, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404. CC BY 4.0. Publisher image reproduced unchanged; caption summarized.

Figure 2

GSCA Pro power-analysis modeling interface with Add Component highlighted and five components displayed.
Caption & source

Add components to specify the model.

Version of record · Figure source · CC BY 4.0

Shen, Z., Baek, I.-H., Cho, G., and Hwang, H. (2026), Figure 2, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404. CC BY 4.0. Publisher image reproduced unchanged; caption summarized.

Figure 3

GSCA Pro modeling interface showing directed structural paths among the components.
Caption & source

Add structural paths.

Version of record · Figure source · CC BY 4.0

Shen, Z., Baek, I.-H., Cho, G., and Hwang, H. (2026), Figure 3, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404. CC BY 4.0. Publisher image reproduced unchanged; caption summarized.

Figure 4

GSCA Pro interface for entering population values for the model's structural path coefficients.
Caption & source

Set population path coefficients.

Version of record · Figure source · CC BY 4.0

Shen, Z., Baek, I.-H., Cho, G., and Hwang, H. (2026), Figure 4, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404. CC BY 4.0. Publisher image reproduced unchanged; caption summarized.

Figure 5

Two complete panels of measurement-model Option 1: panel A configures nomological components, and panel B configures canonical components.
Caption & source

Measurement settings, option 1: nomological and canonical components (panels A and B).

Version of record · Figure source · CC BY 4.0

Shen, Z., Baek, I.-H., Cho, G., and Hwang, H. (2026), Figure 5, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404. CC BY 4.0. Publisher image reproduced unchanged; caption summarized.

Figure 6

GSCA Pro measurement-model settings with Option 2 selected and a dropdown for specifying indicator-loading values.
Caption & source

Measurement settings, option 2: predefined indicator loadings.

Version of record · Figure source · CC BY 4.0

Shen, Z., Baek, I.-H., Cho, G., and Hwang, H. (2026), Figure 6, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404. CC BY 4.0. Publisher image reproduced unchanged; caption summarized.

Figure 7

GSCA Pro structural-model settings interface for the power analysis.
Caption & source

Configure the structural model.

Version of record · Figure source · CC BY 4.0

Shen, Z., Baek, I.-H., Cho, G., and Hwang, H. (2026), Figure 7, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404. CC BY 4.0. Publisher image reproduced unchanged; caption summarized.

Figure 8

GSCA Pro simulation settings for candidate sample sizes, Monte Carlo replications, and significance level.
Caption & source

Configure sample sizes, replications, and significance level.

Version of record · Figure source · CC BY 4.0

Shen, Z., Baek, I.-H., Cho, G., and Hwang, H. (2026), Figure 8, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404. CC BY 4.0. Publisher image reproduced unchanged; caption summarized.

Figure 9

GSCA Pro results window presenting power estimates and related statistics for the configured model across candidate sample sizes.
Caption & source

Review power-analysis results.

Version of record · Figure source · CC BY 4.0

Shen, Z., Baek, I.-H., Cho, G., and Hwang, H. (2026), Figure 9, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404. CC BY 4.0. Publisher image reproduced unchanged; caption summarized.

Figure 10

A grid of sampling-distribution plots across structural path coefficients and sample sizes. Dashed curves show null distributions; histograms show alternative distributions, with blue rejection-region bars and white non-rejection bars.
Caption & source

Null and alternative path-coefficient distributions across sample sizes.

Version of record · Figure source · CC BY 4.0

Shen, Z., Baek, I.-H., Cho, G., and Hwang, H. (2026), Figure 10, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404. CC BY 4.0. Publisher image reproduced unchanged; caption summarized.

Versions & resources

Cite this work

Shen, Z., Baek, I.-H., Cho, G., Hwang, H. (2026). Power Analysis in Generalized Structured Component Analysis: Implementation in GSCA Pro. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 33(4), 638–647. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2026.2622404

Related news